Abstract
The obstacle of efforts to increase the production of soybean is rust disease caused by obligate the parasite fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi . One type of biological agent used to control rust disease is a mycoparasite fungus Lecanicillium lecanii . The aim of this study was to determine the effective density of conidia L . lecanii fungus for rust disease control and its impact on soybean yields. The study using complete randomized block design, three replication. The treatment was the density of conidia L . lecanii i.e 10 4 /mL, 10 5 /mL, 10 6 /mL, 10 7 /mL, 10 8 /mL and control. Isolates of the fungus L . lecanii was propagated on potato dextrose medium agar (PDA) in petri dishes. At the age of 21 days after inoculation conidia was taken one gram, then it was diluted with 10 ml sterile water and counted with a haemocytometer to obtain conidia density appropriate with the treatment. Furthermore, any suspension of conidia L . lecanii was applied to soybean at age 49-70 days after planting that was attacked by rust disease. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with SPSS 16.0 for windows . The analysis showed that treatment with a density of conidia 10 8 /ml have better efficacy, as shown by the low intensity of the attacks by 15.9% compared to controls reached 27.15%. These results are also followed by a high number of fill-pods on the treatment 10 8 /mL as much as 54.4 pods, dry seed weight of 9.85 grams, dry weight of 100 seeds 8.73 grams. Therefore that L . lecanii fungus with density of conidia 10 8 /mL can suppress the development of rust disease, can be used as a biological agent for substitute of chemical fungicides.
Highlights
The obstacle of efforts to increase the production of soybean is rust disease caused by obligate the parasite fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi
The analysis showed that treatment with a density of conidia 108/ml have better efficacy, as shown by the low intensity of the attacks by 15.9% compared to controls reached 27.15%
Hasil ini dapat dilihat dari rendahnya intensitas serangan, jumlah daun yang relatif lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan kelima perlakuan lainnya, tingginya jumlah polong isi yang dihasilkan, dan tingginya berat biji kering serta berat kering 100 biji
Summary
Perbanyakan cendawan patogen dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan daun kedelai yang terinfeksi penyakit karat. Inokulasi spora karat dilakukan pada kedelai berumur 24 HST (hari setelah tanam). Inokulasi penyakit karat dilakukan dengan cara menyemprotkan spora karat keseluruh permukaan bawah (abaksial) daun kedelai pada waktu sore hari. Cendawan L. lecanii umur 21 hari setelah inokulasi (HSI), diambil konidia yang terbentuk sebanyak 1 gram kemudian diencerkan dengan 10 ml aquadest steril. Setiap masing-masing kerapatan konidia ditambah 2 tetes Tween 80 lalu divortex sebelum diaplikasikan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan persistensi suspensi konidia L. lecanii yang diaplikasikan pada spora karat. Aplikasi suspensi L. lecanii mulai dilakukan pada saat tanaman berumur 7 minggu setelah tanam (MST) hingga 10 MST, dengan interval waktu tujuh hari sekali. Pengamatan intensitas penyakit dimulai satu hari setiap sebelum aplikasi L. lecanii pada kedelai umur 49, 56, 63 dan 70 HST (hari setelah tanam). Penurunan intensitas serangan pada perlakuan kerapatan konidia 10 /ml, 10 /ml, dan 10 /ml berturut-turut adalah 0,63%, 1,4% dan 1,5%
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