Efficient Resource Utilization in Kubernetes: A Review of Load Balancing Solutions

Abstract

Modern distributed systems face the challenge of efficiently distributing workloads across nodes to ensure optimal resource utilization, high avail-ability, and performance. In this context, Kubernetes, an open-source container orchestration engine, plays a pivotal role in automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. This paper explores the landscape of load balancing strategies within Kubernetes, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of existing techniques, challenges, and best practices. The paper delves into the dynamic nature of Kubernetes environments, where applications scale dynamically, and demand for resources fluctuates. We review various load balancing approaches, including those based on traffic, resource-aware algorithms, and affinity policies. Special attention is given to the unique characteristics of containerized workloads and their impact on load balancing decisions. In this paper the implications of load balancing on the scalability and performance of applications deployed in Kubernetes clusters. It explores the trade-offs between different strategies, considering factors such as response time, throughput, and the adapt-ability to varying workloads. As cloud-native architectures continue to evolve, understanding and addressing the intricacies of load balancing in dynamic con-tainer orchestration environments become increasingly crucial. In this paper we had consolidated the current state of knowledge on load balancing in Kubernetes, providing researchers and practitioners with valuable insights and a foundation for further advancements in the quest for efficient, scalable, and resilient distrib-uted systems.