Diversity of Primary Energy Production in India- A Study for the Period 1970-2022

Abstract

The diversity of energy production is vital for India's sustainable development. It enhances energy security, economic stability, environmental sustainability and resilience to climate change. By investing in a variety of energy sources and technologies, India can ensure a reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy supply for its growing population and economy. India is mostly dependent upon coal for its energy production and consumption. When we consider only primary energy sources, India produced 79.6 % of energy from coal and consumed 52.89 % of energy from coal in 2020. In this paper we have studied about the energy diversity of India based on primary energy sources using data for 53 years (from 1970 to 2022). We have used the four types of primary energy sources i.e., coal, lignite, crude oil and natural gas. We have used different indices [Shannon-Weiner Index (SWI), Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), Weighted_SWI (D_SWI) and Weighted_HHI (D_HHI)] to find the Energy Diversity Index of India. From the result, we have found that energy diversity of India is very low due to high dependency upon coal and also the index is falling which is of concern in regard to energy security of India.