Abstract
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are known to be one of the best error-correction coding (ECC) schemes in terms of correction performance. They have been utilized in many advanced data communication standards for which the codecs are typically implemented in custom integrated circuits (ICs). In this paper, we present a research work that shows that the LDPC coding scheme can also be applied in a system characterized by highly limited computational resources. We present a microcontroller-based application of an efficient LDPC encoding algorithm with efficient usage of memory resources for the code-parity-check matrix and the storage of the results of auxiliary computations. The developed implementation is intended for an IoT-type system, in which a low-complexity network node device encodes messages transmitted to a gateway. We present how the classic Richardson–Urbanke algorithm can be decomposed for the QC-LDPC subclass into cyclic shifts and GF(2) additions, directly corresponding to the CPU instructions. The experimental results show a significant gain in terms of memory usage and decoding timing of the proposed method in comparison with encoding with the direct parity check matrix representation. We also provide experimental comparisons with other known block codes (RS and BCH) showing that the memory requirements are not greater than for standard block codes, while the encoding time is reduced, which enables the energy consumption reduction. At the same time, the error-correction performance gain of LDPC codes is greater than for the mentioned standard block codes.
Highlights
Academic Editor: Yosoon ChoiInternet of things (IoT) systems, which are composed of a large number of cheap, energy-efficient terminals, are some of the emerging elements of the recent landscape of information technology
The third method is the representation of circular shift values, as shown on the right side of Figure 3, where all-zero matrices are indicated by −1 and non-zero CPMs are represented by their cyclic shift values, which are stored in an integer table
The error-correction coding (ECC)-encoding procedure presented in this paper is devoted to error protection in IoT node devices constructed with microcontroller-type equipment and without strict throughput requirements, but with the energy efficiency being an important factor
Summary
Internet of things (IoT) systems, which are composed of a large number of cheap, energy-efficient terminals, are some of the emerging elements of the recent landscape of information technology. The IoT nodes, which constitute the bottom level of a system, are usually devices containing a set of sensors/actuators and a low-power processor with limited processing capabilities (a microcontroller) (e.g., [2,3]). Machine-tomachine communications over the Internet in an IoT system employ a variety of last-mile communication types, with wired, wireless, or fiber-optic mediums and numerous possible stacks of protocols for the physical layer. Since nodes are usually battery powered, the energy efficiency of the protocol and its implementation is an important issue. Despite the limited resources of IoT processor devices, the implementation of efficient communication protocols is required in order to enable communication with decent power efficiency. How one of the mentioned modern and power-efficient LDPC coding schemes can be implemented in a low-power microcontroller-based IoT device
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