Efficient facial expression recognition using histogram of oriented gradients in wavelet domain

Abstract

Facial expression recognition plays a significant role in human behavior detection. In this study, we present an efficient and fast facial expression recognition system. We introduce a new feature called W_HOG where W indicates discrete wavelet transform and HOG indicates histogram of oriented gradients feature. The proposed framework comprises of four stages: (i) Face processing, (ii) Domain transformation, (iii) Feature extraction and (iv) Expression recognition. Face processing is composed of face detection, cropping and normalization steps. In domain transformation, spatial domain features are transformed into the frequency domain by applying discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Feature extraction is performed by retrieving Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) feature in DWT domain which is termed as W_HOG feature. For expression recognition, W_HOG feature is supplied to a well-designed tree based multiclass support vector machine (SVM) classifier with one-versus-all architecture. The proposed system is trained and tested with benchmark CK+, JAFFE and Yale facial expression datasets. Experimental results of the proposed method are effective towards facial expression recognition and outperforms existing methods.