Efficient Energy Management and Reliability Assessment by Optimal Placement of Renewable Energy Sources with Pump Storage Plant

Abstract

Deteriorating environment conditions due to global warming and depleting fossil fuels, has forced mankind to shift towards renewable energy sources (RES). The integration of RES in existing power system is challenging due to its intermittent nature. This study formulates novel sensitivity index i.e. nodal price of energy index (NPEI) to assist the location of sensitive buses for optimal placement of RES. Firstly, the proposed approach subjects power system to (N-1) contingency including both loss of generator and line outage. The NPEI is computed for every bus in various contingency conditions. The most severe contingency is identified based on highest value of sensitivity index in peak load period. The buses with highest values of NPEI is the optimal location for RES placement in the most critical contingency scenario. Secondly, the proposed approach focuses on efficient and cost-effective energy management by optimally scheduling disparate energy generation sources. The system incorporates pumped storage plant (PSP) based energy storage devices to effectively utilize wind and solar energy. The objective of this study is to minimize the total generation cost which includes the generation cost associated with conventional generators, its emission cost and valve-point loading effect, generation cost of RES, and the cost associated with energy supplied by PSP. The partial shading of PV modules is also implemented and its impact on system parameters are observed. The penetration of RES and energy storage effects system reliability hence, the proposed approach computes reliability indices expected energy not supplied (EENS) and loss of load expected (LOLE) for both presence and absence of RES and PSP. Finally, the proposed approach results in optimal placement of RES and optimal energy scheduling of disparate energy sources along with analyzing its effect on system reliability. The study is performed on IEEE 30 bus system.