Abstract
In this study, a Fenton-activated persulfate (Fe2+/PS) system was introduced for the efficient degradation of Mordant Blue 9 (MB 9) as a textile dye in an aqueous solution. Results showed that the degradation of MB 9 was markedly influenced by operational parameters, such as initial pH, PS concentration, Fe2+ concentration, and initial dye concentration. Optimal reaction conditions were then determined. Inorganic anions, such as Cl− and HCO3−, enhanced the degradation efficiency of MB 9 under optimal conditions. Addition of HCO3− reduced the degradation performance of MB 9, whereas the addition of Cl− increased the degradation percentage of MB 9. In addition, quenching experiments were conducted using methanol and tert-butyl alcohol as scavengers, and methanol was identified as an effective scavenger. Thus, the degradation of MB 9 was attributed to S O 4 • − and •OH radicals. The degradation and mineralization efficiency of MB 9 was significantly reduced using the conventional Fenton process i.e., Fe2+/ hydrogen peroxide (HP) because of the formation of a Fe complex during degradation. Meanwhile, the Fe2+/persulfate (PS) system improved the degradation and mineralization performance.
Highlights
Dyes have prompted serious widespread concern because of their substantial contribution to water pollution
The results demonstrated that the inhibition of degradation during the conventional Fenton process could be overcome by the wide-scale application of the Fenton-activated persulfate system
The present study shows that Fenton-activated PS is a highly efficient system for Mordant Blue 9 (MB 9) degradation, with a degradation percentage exceeding 95% in an aqueous solution
Summary
Dyes have prompted serious widespread concern because of their substantial contribution to water pollution The presence of these colorants in effluents deteriorates water aesthetically and harms the social system and health; these colorants present a threat to environmental sustainability [1,2,3]. Some transition metal ions are typically used with mordant dyes to form a durable dye–metal complex ligand, which enhances fastness to light and washing in dyed fabrics [6]. Treatment of these dye effluents before they are discharged to the environment has received significant attention because of the potential adverse effects of dyes [7].
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