Abstract
AbstractA series of 1,10‐phenanthroline derivatives were used as supporting ligands for copper‐catalyzed Ullmann reaction in neat water. The catalytic system based on 4,7‐dihydroxy‐1,10‐phenanthroline has demonstrated the promising catalytic performances for aryl bromides. The catalytic system was applicable to a wide scope of substrates, high catalytic activity and selectivity were observed for the reactions of electron‐deficient, electron‐rich, and heterocyclic aryl bromides with imidazoles containing different steric hindrance. The superior promoting effect of 4,7‐dihydroxy‐1,10‐phenanthroline is attributed to its water solubility under the basic conditions.
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