Abstract
The production of high-quality nanocellulose (NC) from an underutilized low-lignin lignocellulosic biomass source, Phalaris aquatica L., was investigated via three conversion protocols. Initially, a conventional chemical protocol (Scenario I) was optimized using statistically designed experiments, and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) that exhibited an adequate crystallinity index (CI) were produced under mild conditions: short processing times, reduced temperatures and decreased use of chemicals and solvents. Hydrolysis temperature was found to contribute significantly to the variation of CI. Furthermore, two additional scenarios based on a planetary ball mill were comparatively applied, namely a combined chemical-mechanical (Scenario II) and an alternative (Scenario III) protocol, in which the ball milling step followed or replaced the acid hydrolysis step, respectively. In Scenarios II and III the NC structure was modified to cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), respectively. Accordingly, the three different NC grades (CNCs, CNFs and MFC) were correlated with the three conversion protocols.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
