Efficiency of using UAN-32 and Sternifag biopreparation on spring wheat grown with No‑till technology

Abstract

The results of joint application of the biopreparation Sternifag, SP based on the fungus Trichoderma harzianum and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN-32) on spring wheat cultivated using the No-till technology in the northern forest-steppe of the Priobie region are presented. This zone is characterized by a short growing season and a mean annual moisture coefficient of 1.04–1.08. Under such conditions, No-till, or direct seeding, technology can minimize the cost of grain production. When growing crops according to this technology in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe, the sowing dates are postponed, which actualizes the use of biopreparation to accelerate the mineralization of straw residues. In production and stationary experiments on leached chernozem, the joint application of Sternifag and nitrogen fertilizer in autumn of the previous year activated decomposition of plant residues on second wheat by 33.0–49.0%. Application of the biopreparation together with UAN-32 allowed to obtain in the years of research additional 1 ha 1.5 and 0.96 tons of spring wheat grain (43.7–44.4%) due to an increase in the weight of 1000 grains, ear fineness and better preservation of plants for harvesting. Application of biopreparation Sternifag and UAN-32 on spring wheat grown on the basis of No-till technology in the northern forest-steppe of Priobie is economically beneficial. It is accompanied by an increase in profit by 2.0–2.4 times and an increase in the level of profitability of grain production by 27.0–36.0%. Effectiveness of cultivation of the crop on the background of liquid nitrogen fertilizer UAN-32 is lower. In this variant, grain productivity of spring wheat relative to the control increased in 2018, characterized by high humidity, by 1.1 t/ha, in 2020, characterized by June drought, by 0.74 t/ha. The level of profitability of grain production at application of UAN-32 is higher than in the control by 15.0–17.2%.