ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ ЗЕРНОВЫХ КУЛЬТУР В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ СИСТЕМ ОБРАБОТКИ ПОЧВЫ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ УДОБРЕНИЙ

Abstract

The research was carried out in order to find new technological and technical solutions that ensure the economic efficiency of farming, stabilization and increase of crop yields due to the rotation of grain crop rotation in the conditions of the southeast of the Volga-Vyatka region. The field experience was established in 2014 in the Nizhny Novgorod region. Scientific research was carried out in the grain crop rotation: 1. mustard for seeds 2. winter wheat; 3. soy; 4. spring wheat; 5. peas; 6. oats. The scheme of the experiment included 5 tillage systems (factor A), which differ in the methods of the main finch tillage. For each tillage system, the effect of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N60P60K60 and destructors of plant residues (ammonium nitrate at a dose of 10 kg a.i. per 1 ton of straw and the biological product Stimix®Niva) was determined (factor B). All the studied tillage systems and applied mineral fertilizers with straw destructors allow for expanded agricultural production. The lowest conditional profitability of production was found for the traditional tillage system using a plow with dumps - 99.3 %, which is 34.6% lower than the conditional profitability in the field experiment variants using disking as the main autumn tillage - which provides the highest average conditional profitability of 133.9 %. The average conditional profitability of grain production using the No-till technology for the rotation of the grain crop rotation was 123.3 %, which is 24.0 % higher than the conditional profitability of traditional tillage and 10.6 % lower than that of the resource-saving technology of agricultural production using a disc harrow. At the same time, the direct sowing technology provides the highest absolute profitability of grain production for the rotation of a six-field crop rotation in the conditions of the southeast of the Volga-Vyatka region when cultivating crops according to N60P60K60 background together with the use of the biological product Stimix®Niva – 170.9 %