Abstract
ABSTRACT The efficiency of nitrogen use by wheat crop depends on genetic and environmental stimuli. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of nitrogen use by wheat crop, through biomass, productivity and grain quality indicators, as a function of the genotype and previous harvest, in Southern Brazil cereal cultivation systems. The experiments were conducted in soybean/wheat and maize/wheat systems during 2015, 2016, and 2017 in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block with four repetitions, following a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, referring to five wheat cultivars (Quartzo, TBIO Sinuelo, TBIO Sintonia, TEC 10 and TEC Vigore) and four nitrogen doses (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1) applied as a topdressing during the phenological stage of the expanded third leaf, stage 13. There were genetic differences in nitrogen use efficiency, for the productivity (yield and biomass) and quality of wheat. However, these genetic differences were influenced by the carbon:nitrogen ratios of the previous crop. Quartzo and TBIO Sinuelo had the greatest nitrogen use efficiency for grain yield, TBIO Sinuelo had the greatest nitrogen use efficiency for biomass production and Quartzo had the greatest nitrogen use efficiency for grain quality with expectation of 3 Mg ha-1, regardless of the succession system, in the joint analysis of agricultural years.
Highlights
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a globally cultivated cereal, mainly for human consumption (Goergen et al, 2017; Mamann et al, 2019)
This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of nitrogen use by wheat crop, through biomass, productivity and grain quality indicators, as a function of the genotype and previous harvest, in Southern Brazil cereal cultivation systems
In 2015 (Figure 1A), the maximum temperature remained higher at the beginning of the wheat development cycle, which may have quickly favored elongation with reduced production of new tillers, a component directly linked to grain yield
Summary
Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a globally cultivated cereal, mainly for human consumption (Goergen et al, 2017; Mamann et al, 2019). Nitrogen is the most required nutrient during wheat development, and can change yield and grain quality (Wrobel et al, 2016; Costa et al, 2017). The nitrogen dose required by cereals depends on the soil moisture, vegetation cover, and yield expectation (Ma et al, 2010; Mantai et al, 2015; Siqueira Neto et al, 2010; Silva et al, 2016). Genetic differences have been observed between cultivars for nitrogen absorption efficiency, assimilation and changeover, yield and grain quality (Siqueira Neto et al, 2010; Silva et al, 2015). The selection of genotypes with high nitrogen use efficiency could help in meeting the yield and grain quality demands of the domestic market and increase sustainability by reducing nutrient losses
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