EFFICIENCY OF LAND USE BY PEASANT FARMS IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

The article presents the results of the study of land use in the branches of fruit and vegetable growing. The purpose of writing the article is to analyze the current state of agricultural land use and establish the reasons for their inefficient use in the southern region of the country. There was carried out the analysis of the structure of land use in fruit growing by categories of farms in the context of the regions of South Kazakhstan, and was determined the estimated level of efficiency of fruit and vegetable growing by indicators of gross and marketable products. The method of intensive technology for fruit growing in Yenbekshikazakh district of Almaty region is considered, as well as the advantages of innovative technology, especially drip irrigation system. The structure of sown areas under agricultural crops is also analyzed. On the basis of the analysis the ways of optimal use of land resources, including a greater emphasis on the effective use of agricultural land are proposed. For the rational use of agricultural land, it is necessary to comply with all requirements, such as agro-technical, technological, structural and organizational. Today, in the cultivation of crops, crop rotations are not observed, organic and mineral fertilizers are not applied, which leads to soil degradation and reduction of their yields. There is secondary salinization of soils in the Southern regions, many lands are exposed to water and wind erosion. In this region, modern methods of control, such as space monitoring, are being introduced to control the use of agricultural land, which will allow timely identification and withdrawal of inefficiently used land from economic entities.