Efficiency of growing planting material of Russian plum in the conditions of the Moscow region

Abstract

The results of four-year studies on the reproduction of Russian plum on clonal rootstocks are presented. The purpose of the work was to select the optimal clone rootstocks for replication of the most adaptive varieties of Russian plum. In 2017-2020, in the conditions of the Leninsky district of the Moscow region in the nursery of the Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, the objects of research were 2 varieties of Russian plum (Shatyor, Cleopatra), grafted on 5 clone rootstocks (SVG-11-19, OD-2-3, 13-113, VVA-1 and Vesennee Plamya). It has been established that the most promising for propagation of Russian plum varieties Cleopatra and Shatyor are clonal rootstocks OD-2-3, 113-113, Vesennee Plamya. The annuals grafted on these rootstocks were characterized by the best biometric parameters of the aboveground system and the number of lateral branches of more than 13 pcs. On the SVG-11-19 and VVA-1 rootstocks, the seedlings were more compact and with fewer lateral branches (6-9 pcs.). The survival rate of the eyes and the yield of annuals of the studied varieties on medium-sized clonal rootstocks Vesennee Plamya and OD2-3 were above 80 %. The maximum yield of standard planting material (40 thousand pieces/ha) was noted in Cleopatra scion/rootstock combinations/ Vesennee Plamya, Shatyor/ OD-2-3 and Shatyor/ Vesennee Plamya. The profitability of growing seedlings of these scion/rootstock combinations was 103.3-109.5 %, which is 1.7 times higher than when grafting these varieties on the VVA-1 rootstock.