Abstract
Integrated Agriculture Aquaculture (IAA) is characteristic with diversity of small-scale production systems in the Red River Delta, Vietnam where most integrated aquaculture systems are closely associated to the VAC model, an ecosystem production that three components: garden (V), pond (A) and livestock pen (C) are integrated. These VAC systems effectively use all the available land, air, water and solar energy resources, and also effectively recycle by-products and waste for providing diversified agricultural products to meet the complex nutritional demands of rural communities. The IAA systems are dynamic, diverse and subject to economic and environmental changes. By investigating 167 aquaculture households, the traditional VAC, New VAC, Animal Fish (AF) and Commercial Fish (FS) systems are identified as four existing IAA systems. This paper presents the main characteristics and economic efficiency of these IAA systems. The study’s results indicate clear evidence that the traditional VAC system and New VAC system are the most efficient and effective models. The findings of this study have shed light on the important role of integrated aquaculture systems to food security and economic development of households and local communities. The VAC systems are likely to propose for improving household food security and developing the local economy.
Highlights
Freshwater aquaculture is an important component of the supply of animal-based protein, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins in the diets of predominantly poor populations in the developing countries of South East Asia [1,2,3,4,5]
In Vietnam, at first, a typical aquaculture system is named as the VAC system with ‘V’ for garden (Vuon), ‘A’ for pond (Ao) and ‘C’ for livestock pen (Chuong) from which a large part of the system‘s production is utilized for the household subsistence in the Red River Delta
According to findings of the survey, integrated aquaculture systems have been developed by many households since 1980s
Summary
Freshwater aquaculture is an important component of the supply of animal-based protein, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins in the diets of predominantly poor populations in the developing countries of South East Asia [1,2,3,4,5]. Climate change is expected to bring severe impacts to the populated deltas of Asia where the freshwater aquaculture systems are the most prevalent, if well managed or further developed, they might play an important part in adaptation approaches for enhancing social-eco-logical resilience [6]. The dynamicity of freshwater aquaculture systems is diversified from small to large-scale with increasing commercial products [7]. A large number of products has been traded on markets for the families’ cash income
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