Abstract
Freshwater aquaculture production systems are closely related to Integrated Agriculture Aquaculture systems (IAA). Four systems were identified from freshwater aquaculture farming in the Red River Delta of Vietnam. There was prevalently VAC system existence both inside and outside the residential area. The system was defined as farming diversifications and nutrient linkages among V (orchard), A (pond) and C (animal) components relying on the on-farm resources and off-farm integrations and linkages with other human activities. The development of the freshwater aquaculture systems was very diverse and dynamic. The paper presented the economic efficiency and effectiveness on four freshwater fish production systems. Clear evidence was found to provide evidence that the traditional VAC system was sustainable food supply model for the developing countries. Farms operated the VAC systems could easily diversify their farming activities, foods, foodstuffs, redundant employment, and income. Especially, income diversification was a practical strategy for rural farms to reduce the vulnerability on their agricultural practices both on production and market risks. The advantages were likely to ensure that VAC systems would still be more and more important role in northern Vietnam for food security and rural development under the context of agricultural land loss by transforming progressively into urbanisation and industrialisation.
Highlights
Freshwater aquaculture was an important component of the supply of animal-based protein, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins in the diets of predominantly poor populations in the developing countries of South East Asia [1,2,3,4]
Contribution of freshwater aquaculture to the food system and rural development The off-farm income was not taken into account in the study so that average total farm’s income consisted of values from rice cultivation, animal husbandry, aquaculture, vegetables, and orchard garden
Responding to the question: what did they think about their aquaculture systems? Most traditional VAC and New VAC farmers confidentially answered that they were happy with their situation of economic stabilization and food security; whatever they sometimes witnessed their neighbours operated FS or AF systems obtaining a valuable harvest of fish production
Summary
Freshwater aquaculture was an important component of the supply of animal-based protein, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and vitamins in the diets of predominantly poor populations in the developing countries of South East Asia [1,2,3,4]. Keywords Freshwater aquaculture; Production; Systems; VAC; Food; Rural development The results were defined five main criteria of classifying the freshwater aquaculture production system at the study site: (1) Location; (2) Integrated levels between sub-systems; (3) Farm household situations; (4) Animal husbandry; and (5) Horticulture.
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