Efficiency evaluation of Cunambí and Timbó plant extracts in agroecological management of Meloidogyne sp. in jambu crop

Abstract

The control of phytoematoids through the use of plant extracts with nematicide attributes represents another alternative for small producers, with affordable and economical value, besides not presenting risks of environment contamination. Due to the need to seek to increase production in an increasingly sustainable way, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ‘Cunambí’ (Clibadium surinamense L.) and ‘Timbó’ (Derris elliptica) plant extracts extracted from different part of plants at different concentrations (distilled water, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) to control meloidogyn sp. in ‘Jambu’ (Acmella oleracea L.) under controlled conditions. The aqueous extract was obtained from crushing the plant parts used of each species. In vitro and in vivo tests were performed. The percentage of immobile nematodes was determined evaluating the nematostatic and nematicide activity of extract. In the in vitro test cunambí and timbó extracts at different concentrations showed nematicide activity on Meloidogyne sp., considering that all treatments differed from control group. When timbó extract was used, the concentration of 2% presented lower results than the other concentrations used. The application of timbó and cunambí extracts via soil did not affect height, diameter, fresh and dry shoots weight, nor even the weight of jambu root system. Despite these variations, all percentages used were able to reduce the amount of Meloidogyne sp. Therefore, timbó and cunambí extracts may be an option to control Meloidogyne sp. under controlled conditions, recommending concentrations above 4%.