Efficiency and Microbiological Substantiation of the Use of Er:YAG and Nd:YAG Lasers in Patients with Inflammatory Diseases of the Peri-Implant and Periodontal Tissues

Abstract

Due to the high incidence of inflammatory diseases of periodontal and peri-implant tissues, the problems of effective treatment of dental patients, reduction of the invasiveness of surgical interventions, and improvement of the course of the postoperative period remain urgent. In order to improve the effectiveness of treatment of patients in these categories, we conducted a study in which we analyzed the results of treatment of 100 patients with generalized periodontitis and peri-implantitis using traditional surgical techniques and with neodymium and erbium lasers. We used a microbiological research method to study changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microbiota before and after the operations. The results of quantitative monitoring of the microbiota of the postoperative wound carried out in our study indicate that the dynamics of contamination with the use of traditional surgical and laser technologies are fundamentally different. With the traditional technique of surgical intervention, the maximum level of microbial colonization on day 3 was 8.2 ± 0.4 lg CFU, which creates a risk of developing purulent-inflammatory complications, while when using laser technologies, the microbial colonization during these periods was significantly less than after traditional surgical operations: 4.4 ± 0.3 lg CFU - when using the Nd: YAG laser and 5.9 ± 0.4 - when using the Er: YAG laser. This level of colonization is within the normal range of resident (normal) microbiota on the oral mucosa.