Abstract
Aiming at the special geo-climatic conditions and typical problems constraining the development of villages and towns, making villages and towns have the following characteristics:green and low-carbon, energy saving and environmental friendly, the coupling process of adsorption by carbonized rice husk particles and biological oxidation using Bacillus megaterium bacteria was developed for purifying high iron-manganese from groundwater in the cold villages and towns. The quick start-up method of biological filter at low temperature was studied. Based on the contact oxidation and biological method, iron removal efficiency and reaction rate in different filtration layers under different filtration conditions were comparatively analyzed, and iron removal mechanism of biological filter was determined. Filter materials and the solid samples in backwash water at different stages were characterized and the manganese removal mechanism of biological filter was analyzed through SEM, FTIR, XPS, Raman spectra and EPR. The results showed that the active biological membrane reached mature and stable only after 15 d with the operation mode of bacteria liquid cycle and low filtration rate in the filter column. The effluent concentration met the requirements of drinking water quality (GB 5749-2006) in the stable operation process. Fe, Mn and bacteria were lower than 0.3 mg·L-1, 0.1 mg·L-1, 100 CFU·mL-1, respectively. Iron removal mechanism relied mainly on the physical and chemical effects, supplemented by biological function. During the biofilm culturing stage and initial stable operation stage of filter column, manganese removal relied mainly on the biological effect. The physical chemistry was preferred at later stable operation stage. The study provides technical support for the applications of treating collectively Fe2+ and Mn2+ in groundwater.
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