Efficacy of Trichoderma asperellum, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum and T. reesei against Sclerotium rolfsii

Klênia Rodrigues Pacheco,Bernardo Souza Mello Viscardi,Luiz Eduardo Bassay Blum,Thais Melissa Macedo De Vasconcelos,Helson Mario Martins Do Vale,Geisianny Augusta Monteiro Moreira

doi:10.14393/bj-v32n2a2016-32732

Klênia Rodrigues Pacheco, Bernardo Souza Mello Viscardi + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.14393/bj-v32n2a2016-32732

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Journal: Bioscience Journal	Publication Date: Jan 1, 2016
Citations: 9	License type: cc-by

Affiliation: Universidade de Brasília

Abstract

This work was carried out to select and to evaluate efficacy of Trichoderma isolates to control sclerotium wilt ( Sclerotium rolfsii ) of common-bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ). For the experiments were used two isolates of S. rolfsii UB 193 and UB 228. Sixty-five Trichoderma spp. isolates were tested and the following ones were selected in vitro for the in vivo tests: 5, 11, 12, 15, 102, 103, 127, 136, 137, 1525 ( T. longibrachiatum ), 1637 ( T. reesei ), 1642, 1643 ( T. harzianum ), 1649 ( T. harzianum ), 1700 ( T. asperellum ) and EST 5. The most promising isolates were identified by Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1, ITS2, and the 5.8s rRNA genomic region, using the ITS5 and ITS4 primers and compared with sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. These selected isolates 1649 ( T. harzianum ), 1525 ( T. longibrachiatum ) and 1637 ( T. reesei ) were tested for evaluation of sclerotial germination inhibition under laboratory conditions, and to evaluate the effects of these on disease of bean plants under greenhouse conditions. The Trichoderma isolates 1649, 1525 and 1637 were more efficient in reducing sclerotial germination. In addition to 1649, 1525 and 1637, the isolates 5, 12, 102 and 1525 ( T. longibrachiatum ) significantly reduced de amount of diseased bean plants under greenhouse conditions.

Highlights

Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. [Teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii (Cruzi) You & Kimbrough] is a pathogen of widespread distribution in soils of agricultural production areas. This basidiomycetes fungus causes a disease (Southern-blight; dampingoff; sclerotium-wilt) that affects more than 500 species in over 100 plant families
The sclerotia can survive in the soil for a few months to several years, depending on environmental conditions (PUNJA, 1993; XU et al, 2008)
The isolates of Sclerotium rolfsii (UB 193 and UB 228) and Trichoderma were obtained from the Mycological collection at the same University

Summary

Introduction

Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. [Teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii (Cruzi) You & Kimbrough] is a pathogen of widespread distribution in soils of agricultural production areas. [Teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii (Cruzi) You & Kimbrough] is a pathogen of widespread distribution in soils of agricultural production areas. This basidiomycetes fungus causes a disease (Southern-blight; dampingoff; sclerotium-wilt) that affects more than 500 species in over 100 plant families. This disease can be a serious problem, especially in warm regions, where the pathogen produces sclerotia in infected plant parts near the ground. The sclerotia can survive in the soil for a few months to several years, depending on environmental conditions (PUNJA, 1993; XU et al, 2008). Hyphae of S. rolfsii might produce oxalic acid, pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzymes that could disintegrate plant tissues (LE, 2011; PUNJA, 1993)

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