Abstract
The experiment was conducted at Agronomy Field Laboratory of Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, Bangladesh from July 2018 to November 2018 to find out the effect of sunflower residues and herbicides on weed control and yield of T. Aman rice. Weed control methods tested were T1= weedy check,T2 = Weed free check, T3 = Pendimethalin,T4 = Pretilachlor,T5= Butachlor,T6 = Pyrazosulfuron ethyl,T7 = Bensulfuron methyl + Acetachlor,T8 = Bispyriback sodium,T9 =2,4-D amine,T10 =MCPA,T11 = Sunflower residues ,T12 = Sunflower residues + 100%Pyrazosulfuron ethyl,T13 = Sunflower residues + 75%Pyrazosulfuron ethyl,T14 = Sunflower residues + 50%Pyrazosulfuron ethyl. The weed spectrum of the experimental field consisted of all the three groups of weeds viz., grasses (15.78%), sedges (59.02%) and broad-leaved weeds (25.2%). The dominants weeds were Cynodon dactylonand Echinochloa crusgalli among grasses; Cyperus difformis, Fimbristylis miliacea and Scirpus supinus among sedges and Jussiaea decurrens among broad-leaved weeds. Hand weeding recorded the highest weed control efficiency (99.05%) and weedy check recorded the lowest. Among different herbicides applied alone, butachlor had the highest weed control efficiency (87.59%).Hand weeding produced the highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1) which was statistically similar to butachlor, pendimethalin, pretilachlor, bensulfuron methyl + acetachlor and sunflower residues + 100% pyrazosulfuronethyl. Application of sunflower residues along with the reduced rate (75 or 50%) of pyrazosulfuron ethyl had effective weed control and satisfactory yield comparable to butachlor. The farmers can use this technology as an eco-friendly approach in transplanted Aman rice field.
Highlights
Weeds are the greatest yield-limiting pest to rice reduction and their control is labor intensive
Pyrazosulfuron ethyl was studied in combination with sunflower residues because many of the farmers of this region use this herbicide for weed control in rice
The weed species belonging to grass family were Cynodon dactylon, Echinochloa colonum and Paspalum distichum, sedges were Fimbristylis miliacea, Scirpus mucronatus, Scirpus supinus, Scirpus acutus and Cyperus difformis, broad-leaved weeds were Monochoria vaginalis, Sagittaria guyanensis, Eclipta prostrata, Sphenoclea zeylanica and Ammannia baccifera and Jussiaea decurrens (Table 2)
Summary
Weeds are the greatest yield-limiting pest to rice reduction and their control is labor intensive. Hand weeding and other traditional control methods are time consuming and involve high labour cost. The rice cropsare severely infested with weeds and can reduce the grain yield by 30-40% for transplanted Aman rice in Bangladesh (Bhuiyan, 2016). Weeds cause huge reductions in rice yields and increase the cost of cultivation, reduce input efficiency, interfere with agricultural operations, impair quality, act as alternate hosts for International Journal of Applied Biology, 4(1), 2020 several insect pests, diseases, affect the aesthetic look of the ecosystem as well as native biodiversity, affect human and cattle health (Bhuiyan et al, 2017). Chemical weed control is becoming popular in Bangladesh mainly due to scarcity of labour during peak growing season and lower cost
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