Efficacy of pyridostigmine (Mestinon) in the relief of patients with epiphora.

Abstract

Although the mechanism is not clear, the inability of the orbicularis oculi muscle, especially the deeper segment (Horner muscle), is thought to be responsible in epiphora. This study evaluates the effect of the anticholinergic drug pyridostigmine (Mestinon) in patients with patent but dysfunctional lacrimal drainage system. Twenty patients with bilateral epiphora (mean age:60.78±6.49 yrs) were included in this study. Patients with a patent lacrimal irrigation test based on persistent and symptomatic epiphora, wiping >10 times daily or continuous tearing and grade 4-5 epiphora according to Munk scale, showing neuropathic involvement in the orbicularis oculi muscle by the quantitative motor unit potential (MUP) analysis method were evaluated prospectively. Fluorescein dye disappearance test (a semi-quantitative assessment of delayed tear outflow) together with a Schirmer test reading were performed in order to detect dry eye. The patients were evaluated for tear meniscus measurements by anterior segment optical coherence topography (OCT) and non-invasive tear break-up time (NI-BUT) was measured by Oculus Keratograph 5 M. Those with a NI-BUT value above 10s, without eyelid laxity, previous ocular surgery or ocular surface disease, or nasolacrimal duct obstruction, and who agreed to use the drug were included in the study. Each subject underwent OCT measurements of the lower tear meniscus of both eyes before and 15mins after taking Mestinon (1×60mg tablet). Upon measurement of the positive effect of the drug on tear meniscus height (TMH), the patients were asked to continue this regime daily for 1 month and then evaluated for relief in their epiphora complaints and any systemic drug side effects. A total of 20 patients (40 eyes) with bilateral epiphora were included in the study. All eyes had grade 4 Munk-score epiphora, Schirmer's test was within the normal range in all eyes (mean, 14±4mm), and patent lacrimal irrigation test. The lower mean TMH reductions 15min after Mestinon in the right and left eyes were 135.41±85.47 and 55.44±61.56mm, respectively, a statistically significant decrease in both eyes (p=0.001, p<0.01). The mean tear meniscus area (TMA) in the right and left eyes was 131.83±68.27mm2 and 62.72±50.57mm2, respectively; 15 mins after administration of Mestinon, the mean TMA in the right and left eyes was 77.27±48.34 and 59.18±44.74mm2, respectively (p=0.001, p<0.01). The mean decreases of 54.56±39.34mm2 in the right eye area and 3.53±42.32mm2 in the left eye area were statistically significant (p=0.041, p<0.05). Symptomatic relief for epiphora cannot be achieved with known treatment options due to lacrimal pump dysfunction. We found that pyridostigmine (Mestinon) provided relief in patients' complaints of epiphora consistent with a significant reduction in TMH levels.