Efficacy of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extraction of Hydrophilic and Lipophilic Compounds from Fucus vesiculosus.

Ekaterina D Obluchinskaya,Olga N Pozharitskaya,Elena V Flisyuk,Lyubov V Zakharova,Anna V Daurtseva,Alexander N Shikov

doi:10.3390/molecules26144198

Abstract

The impact of the composition of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) and extraction conditions on the simultaneous extraction of hydrophilic ascorbic acid (AA), phlorotannins (TPhC), and lipophilic fucoxanthin (FX) from Fucus vesiculosus was investigated for the first time. In biological tests, the NADES extracts showed the promising ability to scavenge DPPH radicals. A positive correlation was observed between DPPH scavenging activity and AA, TPhC, and FX contents. We calculate the synergistic effect of antioxidants extracted by NADES from F. vesiculosus based on the mixture effect (ME). The addition of 30% water to the NADES and the prolongation of sonication time from 20 min up to 60 min were favorable for the ME. The ME for extracts with the NADES was increased by two folds (ME > 2). In contrast, conventional extraction by maceration with steering at 60 °C does not lead to the synergistic effect (ME = 1). It is notable that the NADES provides high stability and preserves the antioxidant activity of the extracts from F. vesiculosus during storage.

Highlights

AA has been introduced for the preparation of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) [56,57], to the best of our knowledge, we report the extraction of ascorbic acid from seaweeds with NADES for the first time
We report for the first time lactic acid: choline chloride and lactic acid: glucose: water-based NADES are suitable for the simultaneous extraction of hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds from F. vesiculosus
The efficacy of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for 60 min was, for different compounds, 1.1–2.7 folds higher than the conventional extraction. Both NADES extracts showed the favorable ability to scavenge DPPH radicals which were equal to the antioxidant activity of EtOH extract

Summary

Introduction

The NADES were proposed by a group of scientists who discovered a third liquid phase in plants, which has a phenomenal dissolving power for small molecules and biopolymers with low or non-water solubility [3]. Such solvents consist of the metabolites of living cells: sugars, organic acids, ammonium, and phosphonium salts, etc. The solubility of the target compounds in the NADES significantly increases due to the formation of hydrogen bonds with solutes [4,5]

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