Abstract
The environmental pollution of phenol-containing wastewater is an urgent problem with industrial development. Natural deep eutectic solvents provide an environmentally friendly alternation for the solvent extraction of phenol. This study synthesized a series of natural deep eutectic solvents with L-proline and decanoic acid as precursors, characterized by in situ infrared spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, and differential thermogravimetric analysis. Natural deep eutectic solvents have good thermal stability. The high-efficiency extraction of phenol from wastewater by natural deep eutectic solvents was investigated under mild conditions. The effects of natural deep eutectic solvents, phenol concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time on phenol extraction were studied. The optimized extraction conditions of phenol with L-prolin/decanoic acid were as follows: molar ratio, 4.2:1; reaction time, 60 min; and temperature, 50 °C. Extraction efficiency was up to 62%. The number of extraction cycles can be up to 6, and extraction rate not less than 57%. The promising results demonstrate that natural deep eutectic solvents are efficient in the field of phenolic compound extraction in wastewater.
Highlights
As a class of protoplasmic toxicants, phenolic compounds have the characteristics of numerous sources, high toxicity, and difficult degradation [1,2,3]
Amino acid-based natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) formed with decanoic acid and L-proline in different proportions were developed to realize the efficient extraction of phenolic compounds from aqueous environments
L-Pro was used as hydrogen bond acceptor, and decanoic acid was used as hydrogen bond donor [33,34,35]
Summary
As a class of protoplasmic toxicants, phenolic compounds have the characteristics of numerous sources, high toxicity, and difficult degradation [1,2,3]. A few published papers of this group triggered research in the area of deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Many researchers utilized the synthesis of different kinds of DES for absorbing and extracting contaminants containing pesticides, radioactive iodine polluting gases, and the like [28]. For their latest study, Tang [29]. The decanoic acid/L-proline NADES ensures extraction efficiency, reduces the risk of reaction to a certain extent, and avoids the secondary pollution of related hazardous substances. Amino acid-based NADESs formed with decanoic acid and L-proline in different proportions were developed to realize the efficient extraction of phenolic compounds from aqueous environments. The effect of regeneration time on extraction efficiency was assessed
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