Abstract
Tramadol is recognized as an opioid with non-opiate properties. It has a low affinity for opioid receptors and prevents reabsorption of norepinephrine and serotonin at synapses. It also increases the level of Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) in the central nervous system [1, 2]. Tramadol is an analgesic for patients suffering from moderate to severe pain [1]. In addition, previous studies have shown that tramadol abuse and suicidal attempts have increased in Iran [3, 4].
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