Abstract
Indigenous entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis pakistanensis, NBAIR H-05 strain was evaluated against diapausing larvae of the Codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) at 3 different dosages, i.e., at 15, 20, and 25 gm/ l of water in apple orchards at the district Kargil of Ladakh Region, India, during 2017 and 2018.Two year’s pooled average density of diapausing ranged 34.6 to 56.8 larvae/trunk band before treatment, which declined ranging 43.85 to 86.27 % with respect to different treatments of entomopathogenic nematode at concentrations between 7.5 × 105 IJs to 1.25 × 106 IJs/tree. Percent reduction in larvae over control varied from 41.78 to 85.77% for 7.5 × 105 IJs and 1.25 × 106 IJs respectively. Two-year pooled data indicated larval mortality between 39.85 and 73.38% and 4.0 to 12.89% with respect to different treatments at 48 and 72 h respectively, with statistically significant difference (P = ˂ 0.001). Increase in dosage of nematode formulation from 15 gm to 25 gm resulted in increased larval mortality (r = 0.92**). Post wetting of trunk band after 24 h in each treatment resulted in significantly higher larval mortality than non-post wetting. There was non-significant difference (t = 0.83) between larval mortality with respect to treatments during 2017 and 2018.
Highlights
Codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the most serious pests in majority of applegrowing regions of the world (Giliomee and Riedl, 1999)
In the past two decades, many convenient and cost effective tactics have been developed for managing diapausing larvae of C. pomonella (Higbee et al 2001; Cossentine et al 2004 and Hansen et al 2006) among them is the application of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), belonging to genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis
Lacey and Chauvin (1999) reported 100% larval mortality of C. pomonella treated with different dosages of Steinernema carpocapsae and S. feltiae whereas Cossentine et al (2002) documented 93% larval mortality with the same nematode species
Summary
Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the most serious pests in majority of applegrowing regions of the world (Giliomee and Riedl, 1999). In the past two decades, many convenient and cost effective tactics have been developed for managing diapausing larvae of C. pomonella (Higbee et al 2001; Cossentine et al 2004 and Hansen et al 2006) among them is the application of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), belonging to genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis. These biological control agents are non-hazardous, safe to humans, easy to apply, and have proved remarkably outstanding in the management of C. pomonella (Lacey and Unruh, 1998; Lacey and Chauvin, 1999; Unruh and Lacey, 2001; Cossentine et al, 2002 and Lacey et al 2005). Odendaal et al (2015) recorded larval mortality between 41 and 67% with 3 EPN species, H. bacteriophora, S. jeffreyense, and S. yirgalemense
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