Efficacy of ethanol and methanol extracts of white weed (Ageratum conyzoides L.) leaves on the mortality and development of mosquito Aedes aegypti L. larvae

Abstract

One control of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is controlling Aedes aegypti mosquito as the vector. Synthetic insecticides as the vector control had a bad impact on the environment and cause resistance. One plant that can be used as an alternative insecticide that was safe for the environment is bandotan leaves (Ageratum conyzoides), bandotan leaves contained active compositions, there are saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids. This research aims to know the effect of ethanol and methanol extract of bandotan leaves on mortality and development of Ae. aegypti larvae. This research was an experimental study (posttest control group design). The test materials were ethanol and methanol extracts of bandotan leaves. Sample of the research was the larvae of fourth instar Aedes aegypti mosquito, with 10 larvae per treatment and 3 replications. The concentrations of extracts that were used are 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1500 ppm, and 2000 ppm. The results of the probit analysis showed that ethanol extracts LC50 and LC90 values at concentrations of 750,294 ppm and 1219,403 ppm on 48 hours treatment. Extracts methanol LC50 and LC90 values found in 24 hours treatment at concentration of 734,321 ppm and 1223,282 ppm. The percentage of larvae became an adult was 4% at the 500 ppm concentration of ethanol extract and 5.33% at a 250 ppm concentrations, 1.67% at the 500 ppm concentration of methanol extract and 0.33% at a 250 ppm concentration. There are no larvae became adult that were found at a 1000-2000 ppm concentration in both of extracts. The ANOVA statistical test results on mortality and development of larvae in ethanol and methanol extract were significantly different (p <0.05%). The methanol extract was more effective than ethanol extract. Ethanol and methanol extract of bandotan leaves reduced the development of larvae to adult mosquitoes.