Effectiveness of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides (L.) leaves on the mortality and development of mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say. larvae

Abstract

Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito is a vector of filariasis caused by parasites Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori. Control of mosquitoes using chemical insecticides has a negative impact on health, surrounding environment and resistance. Secondary metabolites in plants can be used as vegetal insecticides that are environmentally friendly. Bandotan plant (Ageratum conyzoides (L.) is a herbaceous which contain secondary metabolites in the stem, leaf and flower organs. The aims of this research were to study the content of methanol extract and ethanol leaves of bandotan and its effect on mortality and development of Culex quinquefasciatus larvae.This study consisted of 5 treatment concentrations of methanol extract and ethanol from bandotan leaves (0 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 1500 ppm, and 2000 ppm) with 3 replications. At each concentration 10 Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae were tested between 3rd-4th instars. The mortality of larvae mortality was calculated after 48 hours. Data was analyzed by probit. The results showed that methanol dan ethanol extract contained alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, and terpenoid by thin layer chromatography method. The bandotan leaves methanol extract showed LC50 557.020 ppm and LC90 at concentrations of 1237.414 ppm. The ethanol extract showed LC50 at concentrations of 447.144 ppm and LC90 at 1324.959 ppm. The effect of methanol and ethanol extract caused the develop of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae to be inhibited in the pupa phase and larval phase until death. Methanol and ethanol extracts from bandotan leaves have the potential to be larvicidal.