Abstract
Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are among the most important of the pests in urban entomology, and they not only disturb people but they are also an important health hazard as they are diseases’ vectors. The biological control methods against this pest, which is difficult to fight off, have recently gained importance. A total of five different entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Steinernema feltiae (Aydın isolate), S. carpocapsae (Karadeniz isolate), and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Aydın isolate) isolated from Turkey and S. feltiae (KG3) and H. bacteriophora (KG81) isolated from Kyrgyzstan, were tested against the mosquito species Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae under laboratory conditions. The experimental nematode suspensions were determined as 500, 1000, and 1500 IJs ml−1. The mortality rates in the trial were recorded after 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. Dead mosquitoes were dissected under a microscope and confirmed to have died by the EPNs. Larval mortality was observed in all EPN species compared to the control group. H. bacteriophora (KG81) and S. carpocapsae isolates were found to be the most effective isolates with 100% larval mortality. The other isolates were H. bacteriophora (Aydın isolate) (70%), S. feltiae (KG3) (66.67%), and the most ineffective isolate S. feltiae (Aydın isolate) (13.3%).
Highlights
Pests in urban entomology can be described as insects that affect human health
Evaluated the efficacy of S. feltiae, S. carpocapsae, S. kraussei, and H. bacteriophora against Chironomidae family members in their study. They determined that these entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) species could survive for up to 96 h in water and even after that they could parasitize the larvae of Chironomus plumosus
Efficacy of five EPN species, isolated from Kyrgyzstan and Turkey, was evaluated against C. pipiens larvae collected from the stagnant waters in paddy fields at Samsun (Turkey)’s Bafra province under laboratory conditions
Summary
Pests in urban entomology can be described as insects that affect human health. Insects in urban entomology include cockroaches, ants, termites, houseflies, ticks, insects and mites, bedbugs, lice, and mosquitoes (Robinson 2005). One of the most successful groups of biological agents for controlling soil insect pests is the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae. Nematodes in both families are obligate insect-parasitic organisms that are mutualistically associated with bacteria from the genera Photorhabdus (heterorhabditids) and Xenorhabdus (steinernematids), which are carried within the nematode digestive tracts (Kaya and Gaugler 1993). Evaluated the efficacy of S. feltiae, S. carpocapsae, S. kraussei, and H. bacteriophora against Chironomidae family members in their study They determined that these EPN species could survive for up to 96 h in water and even after that they could parasitize the larvae of Chironomus plumosus. Efficacy of five EPN species, isolated from Kyrgyzstan and Turkey, was evaluated against C. pipiens larvae collected from the stagnant waters in paddy fields at Samsun (Turkey)’s Bafra province under laboratory conditions
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