Efficacy of bacterial antagonists and different commercial products against Fusarium wilt on rocket

Abstract

Seven experimental trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the bacterial strains Achromobacter xylosoxydans AM1 and Serratia sp. DM1 obtained from suppressive soils and from soilless used rockwool substrates (Pseudomonas putida FC6B, Pseudomonas sp. FC7B, Pseudomonas putida FC8B, Pseudomonas sp. FC9B and Pseudomonas sp. FC24B) against Fusarium wilt on rocket caused by Fusarium oxysporum ff. spp. raphani and conglutinans. Along with these strains, two commercial bioproducts (RootShield—Trichoderma harzianum T22; Cedomon—Pseudomonas chlororaphis MA342) were also tested. Different application strategies such as soil treatment (trials I to VI; 107 and 108 CFU ml−1) and root dipping (trial VII; 108 and 109 CFU ml−1) were performed in a glasshouse in order to test the efficacy of the bacterial strains against Fusarium oxysporum ff. spp. raphani and conglutinans. The lowest disease incidence (16.7%) was observed with the application of Achromobacter sp. AM1, Serratia sp. DM1 at 108 CFU ml−1 and Pseudomonas sp. FC9B at 107 CFU ml−1 against F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans (experiment I). Maximum plant biomass (5.0 g/plant) was registered in Serratia sp. DM1 at 108 CFU ml−1 treated plants in trial IV. The trials against F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani (experiment II) showed that the application of Pseudomonas sp. FC7B, P. putida FC8B at 108 CFU ml−1 and P. chlororaphis MA342 at 7.5 × 106 CFU ml−1 significantly reduced disease incidence to values ranging between 87% and 92%. The highest plant biomass was recorded with the application of Achromobacter sp. AM1 and P. putida FC6B at 107 CFU ml−1 (3.9 to 4.2 g) carried out 7 days before the artificial inoculation of the pathogens (trial IV). The present study showed the potential biocontrol activity of the bacterial strains Achromobacter sp. AM1, Serratia sp. DM1 and Pseudomonas sp. FC9B against F. oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans and of Pseudomonas sp. FC7B, P. putida FC8B, P. chlororaphis MA342, Achromobacter sp. AM1 and P. putida FC6B against F. oxysporum f. sp. raphani. Growth-promoting activity of biocontrol bacteria used during the trials was observed.