Efficacy of Alternative Vaccination with Attenuated Sheep Pox and Inactivated Lumpy Skin Disease Vaccines against Lumpy Skin Disease

Abstract

In different countries and sometimes within a country, various live attenuated vaccine have existed from time to time for capripox with varying degrees of protective efficacy. An experiment applied on eight groups of susceptible calves, were individually inoculated intradermally (I/D) or subcutaneously (S/C); In order to pinpoint the optimum program of vaccination against lumpy skin disease in the tail fold with one of the alternative vaccination programs by using attenuated Lumpy skin disease (LSD) vaccine, attenuated Romanian sheep pox (RSP) vaccine and inactivated LSD vaccine (separate; simultaneous or successive); in an attempt to obtain a safe and protective vaccination regem for cattle against lumpy skin disease. The humoral immunity was checked out by serum neutralization test (SNT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 6 months post inoculation, while the cell mediated immune response was performed by the hypersensitivity reaction at the inoculation site after I/D inoculation with 0.5 ml of attenuated undiluted LSD vaccine and its results corroborate the humoral results. The results of humoral and cellular immune response proved that successive vaccination of cattle with live attenuated RSP vaccine prior to the inactivated LSD vaccine create relative acquired immunity subsequent to the homologous live attenuated LSD vaccine and overcome the immunological effect of the other used vaccines. Our results nominate the homologous attenuated LSD vaccine (GP1) and successive vaccination (GP4&5) with attenuated RSP vaccine before inactivated LSD vaccine for absolute protection of cattle from LSD. It was concluded that the successive vaccination (with attenuated RSP vaccine before inactivated LSD vaccine) is considered more safe and avoid viral reversion and transmission of the virus by the blood feeding arthropods.