Efficacy and Safety of Ultrasound Cycloplasty for Refractory Glaucoma: A 3-Year Study.

Abstract

Ultrasound cycloplasty (UCP) treatment using high-intensity focused ultrasound is an effective and safe therapy to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with refractory glaucoma over a 3-year period. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 3-year efficacy and safety of UCP in patients with refractory glaucoma. In all, 104 patients with refractory glaucoma recruited from 2 university hospitals underwent UCP. Examinations were performed 7 days, 1 week, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after the UCP procedure. Primary outcomes were therapeutic success at 3 years (IOP reduction from baseline ≥20% and IOP >5 mm Hg without other surgical procedures) and vision-threatening complications. Secondary outcomes included mean IOP change from baseline at each follow-up visit, medication use, complications, and subsequent UCP and/or other postsurgical interventions. At 3 years post-UCP, the therapeutic success rate was 55%. For 75% of the patients, results were obtained with only one procedure. For the overall study population, IOP was reduced significantly (P<0.005) from 27.6±8.9 mm Hg (n=3.0 topical hypotensive medication) to 17.0±6.8 mm Hg at 36 months (n=2.8 topical hypotensive medication) (33% reduction). For the success patients, the IOP was initially 29.3±8.8 mm Hg (n=3.0 topical hypotensive medication) and 15.6±4.3 mm Hg at 36 months (n=2.8 topical hypotensive medication) (43% reduction). The rate of complications was low and there were no cases of phthisis. The UCP procedure was efficacious with few complications and should be considered as an alternative to other IOP-lowering therapies including laser cyclocoagulation in patients with refractory glaucoma.