Abstract
Little is known about intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with pre-existing disability. Disabled patients are often excluded from IVT treatment. Previous studies investigated the role of pre-existing disability on outcomes in AIS patients after IVT. However, no studies have been conducted to date to determine whether IVT may improve clinical outcomes in AIS patients with pre-existing disability. The aim of our study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of IVT in patients with pre-existing moderate and moderately severe disability (pre-stroke modified Rankin Scale score = 3 or 4) affected by AIS. This study was based on a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of consecutive patients admitted to the Udine University Hospital with AIS from January 2015 to May 2018. The efficacy endpoints were the rate of favorable outcome and rate of major neurological improvement. The safety endpoints were the rate of mortality at three months, presence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and presence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). The study population included 110 AIS patients with pre-existing moderate and moderately severe disability, 36 of which received (IVT+) and 74 did not receive IVT (IVT−). AIS disabled patients treated with IVT had higher rates of favorable outcome (66.7% vs. 36.5%, p = 0.003) and major neurological improvement (39.4% vs. 17.4%, p = 0.01) compared to non-treated ones. Two in three disabled patients returned to their pre-stroke functional status when treated with IVT. Prevalence of three-month mortality, ICH, and sICH did not differ in the two groups. Disabled patients affected by AIS significantly improved after IVT. Moderate and moderately severe disability alone should not be considered, per se, as a contraindication to IVT treatment.
Highlights
In industrialized countries stroke is the second most important cause of mortality in the world and the third in terms of disease burden, calculated as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) [1,2]
The authors observed a higher rate of mortality in functionally dependent patients, while the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage did not increase in these subjects compared to independent patients when treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) [13,14,15,16]
acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who did not receive IVT were more frequently pretreated with anticoagulants (17.6% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.03)
Summary
In industrialized countries stroke is the second most important cause of mortality in the world and the third in terms of disease burden, calculated as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) [1,2]. Indications for use of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) changed over time and an increasing number of patients could undergo this safe and efficacious treatment [3,4,5]. Patients who could not live alone without daily help of another person prior to stroke, e.g., patients with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≥3, are often excluded from IVT treatment because of concerns about poor outcomes [6,7,8,9,10] These patients account for only 10% of treated cases according to international stroke registries [11,12]. No studies have been conducted in AIS patients with pre-existing disability to determine whether IVT may improve clinical outcomes
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