Effects on recognition memory of misperceived spoken words following two attempts at initial identification

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Wallace and Collins (1991) reported that the number of presentations of spoken words influenced the words’ later recognition even if the words had been incorrectly identified by subjects when presented originally. In the present study, that experiment was repeated, but subjects were allowed to make a “second guess” during the initial word-identification task. The original results were replicated; target words misidentified on both first- and second-guess opportunities still influenced later recognition responses. A mechanism of prerecognition activation of word candidates is discussed.