Effects of ZnO Nanoparticles and Ethylenediamine-N,N'-Disuccinic Acid on Seed Germination of Four Different Plants.

Zeynep Görkem Doğaroğlu,Abdullah Eren,M Fırat Baran

doi:10.1002/gch2.201800111

Zeynep Görkem Doğaroğlu, Abdullah Eren + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.201800111

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Abstract

The release of nanoparticles and biodegradable chelating agents into the environment may cause toxicological and ecotoxicological effects. The aim of this study is to determine the ecotoxic effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and ethylenediamine disuccinic acid (EDDS) on most cultured four plants. The durum wheat, bread wheat, barley, and rye are exposed to 5 mL 10 mg L−1 ZnO nanoparticles and 10 mg L−1 EDDS in the seed germination stage. Results show that these different plant species have different responses to ZnO nanoparticles and EDDS. The germination percentage of bread wheat and rye decreases in the application of ZnO nanoparticles while the germination of durum wheat and barley increases as much as in radicle elongation and seedling vigor. While ZnO treatment causes a decrease in bread wheat and rye germinated rat in the range of 33–14.3%, respectively, there is no change in germination rate of these plants at EDDS treatment. In addition, EDDS treatment positively affects barley germination rate. In conclusion, it is clear that ZnO nanoparticles have more toxic effects on bread wheat and rye than EDDS, while barley is positively affected by ZnO nanoparticles and EDDS.

Highlights

The release of nanoparticles and biodegradable chelating agents into the terrestrial environmental compartments poses a risk to the environment and living environment may cause toxicological and ecotoxicological effects
While durum wheat and barley seeds were positively affected by zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles treatment (p ≤ 0.01), bread wheat and rye seeds’ germination was inhibited (p ≤ 0.01)
The maximum germination percentage was determined at 10 mg L−1 ZnO nanoparticles treatment on durum wheat, as 100% and the minimum germination was found at control in barley

Summary

Seed Germination

Seed germination is defined at different types depending on root elongation by different researchers. Germination was accepted when the radicle or plumule came out of the seed coat. Four different plant seeds’ germination, exposed to ZnO nanoparticles and EDDS, was determined after 7 d of treatment. While durum wheat and barley seeds were positively affected by ZnO nanoparticles treatment (p ≤ 0.01), bread wheat and rye seeds’ germination was inhibited (p ≤ 0.01). The seeds of bread wheat and rye were almost never affected, and barley was positively affected by EDDS. The durum wheat seeds germination process was hindered by EDDS. The maximum germination percentage was determined at 10 mg L−1 ZnO nanoparticles treatment on durum wheat, as 100% and the minimum germination was found at control in barley. Barley seeds treated with pure water did not germinate, while ZnO nanoparticles and EDDS treatment accelerated the germination process for barley (p ≤ 0.01)

Radicle–Plumule Elongation and Seedling Vigor

Discussion and Conclusion

Experimental Section

Conflict of Interest