Abstract
Oyster farming in Brazil is limited by a number of problems, such as lack of sanitary control in production areas. The aim of the present study was to use the multiple correspondence analyses (MCA) to correlate the microbiological quality of oyster production in the state of Bahia, Brazil, by linking it to environment parameters. Samples were randomly collected from 15 different oyster farms, from two different cultivation techniques (lantern and pillow baskets), corresponding dry and rainy periods. Twenty eight samples were collected, stored at 5 °C and send to the laboratory. The analyzed environmental parameters were pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and polluting sources like sewage outflow. Coliforms were counted at 35 °C and 45 °C: Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Aeromonas sp. Statistical analyzes were performed using the data sizing reduction procedure (MCA), through the SPPS Program, version 18.0. A positive relationship was found between the dry period and lantern net farming with poor sanitary conditions. MCA allowed the analyzed commercial oyster farms to form three distinct groups, helped define the intervention strategies of these commercial oyster farms and provided the basis for implementing health protection measures.
Highlights
Artisanal oyster farming is a very important way to provide the local community with food and a livelihood (Soares et al, 2011)
This study aimed to identify and quantify the bacterial density distribution on oyster farms in the state of Bahia (Brazil) by establishing a relationship between environmental parameters and considering an area affected by waste pollutants using data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE, 2013) with native oyster farming systems (Crassostrea sp.) and cultivation periods by an multiple correspondence analyses (MCA)
Our results agree with those reported by Edwards et al (1999) as the proportion of bacterial populations was higher during the dry season; e.g. January
Summary
Artisanal oyster farming is a very important way to provide the local community with food and a livelihood (Soares et al, 2011). Its production and marketing are handled inappropriately, and often pose severe health risks for consumers (Evangelista-Barreto, 2006). Oysters are filter feeders and are capable of accumulating various types of organic and inorganic substances which may be present in the environment (Silva et al, 2004). There are two major groups of bacteria that can contaminate seafood products. The first group is formed by the bacteria naturally present in the aquatic environment, namely: Clostridium botulinum, Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio spp. and Aeromonas hydrophila as one group. The second group contains coliforms, whose presence indicates water contamination by human waste (Evangelista-Barreto, 2006; Christo et al, 2008). The sanitary standards of such products depend directly on water quality (Silva et al, 2004). Statistical tools could provide interesting information to save time and financial resources
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