Abstract
The content and chemical composition of the essential oil may vary in certain species according to the climatic period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of seasonality on the chemical composition of the essential oil from Hyptis dilatata flowers, to perform biological activities such as antimicrobial, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme and to evaluate the toxicity of the essential oil using for the test as indicator Artemia salina. H. dilatata flowers were collected in rainy and dry periods and extracted by hydro distillation using extractor of Clevenger condenser double Spell model. Analysis of essential oil resulted in 22 chemical components. The major constituents for dry and rainy periods were α-pinene (26.2 and 10.9%), 3-Carene (12.2 and 3.7%), fenchone (17% and 14.8%) and β-cariophyllene (16.36 and 30.9%), respectively. The essential oil inhibited the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in 93.4% (rainy period) and 92.4% (dry period). Between the dry and rainy periods, the best LC50 in microbial activity in vitro was obtained in the rainy period tested in Staphylococcus aureus bacterium (LC50 49.8 mg ml-1). The cytotoxic activity of A. salina in H. dilatata essential oil proved LC50 results below of 100 μg ml-1. Therefore, the chemical characterization and testing of biological activities of essential oils showed promising results in the search for new active substances and development of bioproducts of vegetable origin. Key words: Hyptis dilatata, α-pinene, fenchone, β-cariofilene, 3-carene.
Highlights
The genus Hyptis belongs to Lamiaceae family, consisting of approximately 580 species, many of them with great ethnopharmacological importance
Minas Gerais, Bahia, Goiás and Amazonas states (Lima, 2010). In this family of plants, the use of essential oil is common in the population of folk medicine as coding and remedy and they have been used as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive, antitumoral, gastroprotective, insecticide, antibacterial, antifungal and antiherpetic (Barros et al, 2010; Hussain et al, 2011)
Analyses of GC-FID for quantification and GC-MS for identification of the essential oil components of H. dilatata flowers showed the presence of 22 constituents (Table 1)
Summary
The genus Hyptis belongs to Lamiaceae family, consisting of approximately 580 species, many of them with great ethnopharmacological importance. They are distributed mainly in tropical America, southern United States, Caribe and Argentina. Minas Gerais, Bahia, Goiás and Amazonas states (Lima, 2010). In this family of plants, the use of essential oil is common in the population of folk medicine as coding and remedy and they have been used as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive, antitumoral, gastroprotective, insecticide, antibacterial, antifungal and antiherpetic (Barros et al, 2010; Hussain et al, 2011). Defense mechanisms of plants can vary in distinct environmental conditions, leading, to the production of different secondary metabolites
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