Effects of viscous and Joule dissipation on hydromagnetic hybrid nanofluid flow over nonlinear stretching surface with Hamilton-Crosser model

Abstract

Hybrid nanofluids are crucial for enhancing thermal management, efficiency, and longevity in industrial applications such as heat exchangers, automotive cooling, and advanced manufacturing. The current study primarily investigates the impact of viscous and Joule dissipation on copper-alumina hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching surface, with a particular focus on magnetic field effects resulting in a strong Lorentz force along the vertical direction. The governing equations are non-dimensionalized using similarity transformations, resulting in coupled, highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The coupled system of ODEs is solved numerically using the Shooting technique and a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme in MATLAB. The results are plotted graphically. The outcomes mainly indicate that at the surface, momentum intensifies with increased stretching but declines significantly under a stronger magnetic field, while reduced permeability slows down flow momentum, resulting in higher temperature elevations. The outcomes revealed that copper-alumina hybrid nanofluids with lower permeability could improve the performance of miniature industrial devices.