Abstract
This study aims to use the vernacular climatic strategies (VCS) of traditional dwellings in Bushehr, in the common residential buildings of this southern Iranian city (which is characterized by its hot and humid climate), and provide answers to the following question: What effects do VCS have in terms of energy consumption in these buildings? This study has been conducted at three levels. At the first level, three context-based climatic solutions including shading, natural ventilation, and insulation of external walls and roofs were identified and selected based on bibliographic study. At the second level, a case study reflecting the current typology of common residential buildings in Bushehr city was selected. A combination of the mentioned climatic solutions was used in the baseline case to create a developed model. Based on the space layout of the developed model and some design criteria, a series of proposed models was also created and modeled. The selected case study building was also used to establish a local weather station at a height of 12 m based on the roof, collecting local climate data which were then used for simulation to improve simulation accuracy. Finally, all models were simulated with the use of Design Builder software under natural ventilation conditions during moderate climatic periods of the year while split air-conditioning systems were used during hot and humid periods. The results showed reductions of 16% in energy consumption and 22% in CO2 emissions for the developed model, and reductions of 24–26% in energy consumption and 32–34% in CO2 emissions for the proposed models, as compared with the baseline model. Furthermore, all proposed models achieved lower annual energy consumption when compared with a selection of international sustainable low energy standards and domestic energy performance references for the Middle East region. Further studies are also recommended, and there is potential for combining VCS with other solutions such as on-site renewable energies.
Highlights
Energy crisis and climatic change are the biggest challenges facing the world today [1]
Alsols,os,isnicnececocnosnisdiderearbalbelestsutuddieiseshhaavveefofoccuusseeddoonntthheeiimmppaaccttof passive techniques on improving energy effificiency in low-rise houses, this article presents the impact of context--bbaasseeddcclilmimaatitcicsosloulutitoinosnsononimipmropvroinvginegneerngeyrgefyficeifefnicciyenincyaninexainstienxgisdtionmgedstoimc setsrtuictustrreuucstuinrge ausminidg-arisme iadp-arirstemaepnat rbtumilednitngbuaisldaicnagseastaudcya.seThseturdeysu. lTtshoefrtehsiuslsttsuodfythshisowstuthdayt stheowusethoaftvtehrenuacsueloarf cvleimrnaatciuclsatrractleimgiaetsicosrtVraCteSg,iienscolurdVinCgS,aincoclmudbingatiaocnoomfbsihnaadtiionng,onfasthuardailnvge,nntailtautrioanl,vaendtiliantisounla, tainodn oinfseuxlatetrionnalowf eaxlltserannadl wroaolfls ianndmrido-orfisseinapmairdt-mriesnetabpuairltdminegnst binuitlhdeinhgost–inhuthmeidhoctl–imhuamteidofcIlirmana,tecaonf Iran, can considerably improve energy consumption and reduce CO2 emissions in these buildings
Reductions of 16% for the developed model and 24–26% for the proposed models were obtained for energy consumption, and reductions of 22% for the developed model and 32–34% for the proposed models were obtained for the CO2 emissions
Summary
Energy crisis and climatic change are the biggest challenges facing the world today [1]. A drastic reduction in global CO2 emissions is required, which is achievable by ensuring the use of sustainable, cleaner energy and a reduction in current global energy demand through improved energy efficiency [2]. Due to population growth, increased urbanization, and improvements of living standards, most energy-consuming buildings will be located in urban centers of the developing world. The depletion of energy resources and the risk of climate change require a sustainable development path based on renewable sources of energy and energy efficiency [5]. As a developing country with gross domestic product per capita of 17,251 Int$ in 2015, has building energy demands of 41% [6]. Heating and cooling are the greatest sources of energy consumption in the building sector in Iran, representing 61% of total energy consumed [7]. It is necessary to pay more attention to energy efficiency in the building sector using renewable energies and passive design strategies for heating, cooling, and ventilation [9]
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