Effects of vegetation patchiness on ecosystem carbon and nitrogen storage in the alpine grassland of the Qilian Mountains

Abstract

Vegetation patchiness is common in degraded grasslands. Vegetation patchiness enhances the spatial variability of grassland soil organic carbon and total nitrogen. Stripped vegetation patches have a great impact on ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage. Using field surveys, we examined the effects of patches on the ecosystem carbon and nitrogen storage of four typical alpine grass species patches (viz: Leymus secalinus, Koeleria pers, Stipa aliena, and Leontopodium nanum). The results indicated that ecosystem C, N, and respiration were significantly higher in intact vegetation patches than in stripped vegetation patches. Also, stripped vegetation patches recorded higher quantities of soil gravel content than the intact patches. In Leymus secalinus and Koeleria pers species patches, soil approximately contributed about 62% and vegetation about 38% to ecosystem carbon and nitrogen storage, whereas in Stipa aliena and Leontopodium nanum species patches, close to 80% of ecosystem carbon and nitrogen were found in the soil while close to 20% were stored in the vegetation. Soil total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), available phosphorus (AP), soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) were higher in intact vegetation patches than in the stripped vegetation patches. Ecosystem carbon and nitrogen were observed to have a significant correlation with soil gravel content and vegetation productivity. Stripped vegetation patches resulted in decreased plant biomass input and an increased rate of soil erosion. We conclude that grassland patchiness resulted in the decline of ecosystem carbon and nitrogen storage due to a reduction in vegetation input and an increase in soil erosion. Grasslands are likely to have a higher possibility of serving as a C sink if the input of organic matter exceeds its output via sustainable management practices.