Abstract
Levoglucosan (LG), a valuable chemical derived from carbohydrates, is challenging to obtain with high yield directly from raw biomass. In this study, pyrolysis of a lignocellulosic biomass to LG was studied with various pretreatment methods, including acid, alkali, and torrefaction pretreatments. The results indicated that the hydrochloric acid washing effectively promoted the production of LG when the concentration of HCl was lower than 0.5 mol/L, mainly caused by the improved crystallinity of the cellulose fraction and the removal of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs). When 4% of NaOH solution was employed for the alkali pretreatment, the relative content of LG significantly increased from 3.07 to 73.59 with the temperature ranging from 130 to 170 ℃, owing to the effective removal of lignin and hemicellulose fractions. Biomass torrefaction at temperature lower than 250 ℃ slightly promoted LG production, but it inhibited the formation of LG when the temperature reached 300 ℃.
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