Effects of topical application of 1% sodium alendronate gel in the surgical treatment of periodontal intrabony defects: A 6-month randomized controlled clinical trial.

Abstract

Sodium alendronate (ALN) is an aminobisphosphonate and potent inhibitor of bone resorption. It has been suggested that ALN might be a promising carrier of biomolecules for periodontal bone repair. The aim of this randomized split-mouth clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of the topical application of 1% ALN gel in intrabony defects during the surgical treatment of patients with periodontitis. Sixty-four intrabony defects from 32 patients with periodontitis were randomly treated with either 1% ALN gel or placebo gel during periodontal surgeries. Full-mouth periodontal examination was performed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months after surgical treatment. Clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded as the clinical outcomes. Bone defects were evaluated by digital subtraction radiography (DSR) at baseline and 6 months post-treatment. Analyses were performed through Fisher, Kruskal-Wallis, and ANOVA tests and a generalized estimation equations method. Both ALN and placebo groups showed significant improvements in BOP, PD, and CAL after periodontal surgical procedures (P<0.001). Intergroup analysis showed significantly better outcomes in the ALN group with higher PD reduction and clinical attachment gain. DSR showed positive effects on periodontal bone repair strongly associated in the ALN group (P<0.001). Topical application of 1% ALN may be a promising and beneficial adjuvant for the treatment of intrabony defects during surgical periodontal therapy.