Clinical evaluation of platelet rich plasma when combined with an alloplastic bone graft material in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects

Abstract

Introduction: For periodontal regeneration, various modalities are available; among these,use of growth factors is a developing area for clinicians and researchers, as they stimulate cells responsible for periodontal regeneration. Growth factor is a general term used to denote a class of naturally occurring proteins that function in the body to promote the mitogenesis (proliferation), directed migration, and metabolic activity of cells. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a new application and is a storage vehicle for growth factors, especially platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor-b both of which influence bone regeneration. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the clinical efficacy of autologous PRP combined with an alloplastic bone graft material (hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate [HA/β-TCP], (Ossifi™)) in the treatment of three-wall intrabony periodontal defects. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four patients (15 females and 9 males with age ranging from 28 years to 47 years) with moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis with three-wall intrabony defects were selected for the study. All patients were divided into two groups, i.e., “Group-I” and “Group-II;” 12 patients in each group. “Group-I” was control group with patients treated with HA/β-TCP with saline and “Group-II” was test group entitled to patients who were treated with PRP + HA/β-TCP. Clinical parameters recorded were bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment level. Furthermore, the radiographic parameters included depth of intrabony defects, calculated as the difference of distances between cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the bony defect and CEJ to the alveolar crest. Results and Conclusion: Combination of PRP with alloplastic bone graft material, i.e., test Group-II (PRP + HA/β-TCP), showed a better result than control Group-I (saline + HA/β-TCP) in the treatment of intrabony defects.