Abstract
In shallow water, active sonar performance is typically limited by reverberation, making the prediction of target echo and reverberation, and their ratio, an important part of sonar performance prediction. In range-dependent shallow water environments, these quantities are often calculated without considering the effect of dispersion. The effect of time dispersion is considered taking examples for a range-dependent bathymetry from the 2010 Weston Memorial Workshop. Using the analytical method of [M. A. Ainslie and D. D. Ellis (in press), IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering], combined with normal mode predictions [D. D. Ellis (1995). The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 97(5), 2804-2814], neglect of time dispersion is found to result in an error of up to 16 dB in the echo level for a short CW pulse (duration 3 ms). The effect of 3D geometry is considered, and results for a cylindrically symmetric bathymetry are shown to differ by up to 14 dB from the corresponding results with a Cartesian symmetry. The difficulties associated with modeling an LFM pulse are discussed.
Published Version
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