Abstract
This study was conducted with the aim of improving the dynamic camber-capture system, which estimates ammonia emissions during the application of liquid fertilizer from livestock manure. We focused on the volume of the chamber and headspace, the height of the solid media, the flow rate of the pump, and the ventilation rate. Total ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3 + NH4+) is an important factor affecting ammonia volatilization. Even though the characteristics of liquid fertilizer were changed, the effect of total ammoniacal nitrogen on ammonia volatilization remained the largest. Increasing the thickness of solid media inside the chamber has the effect of reducing ammonia emission by reducing the contact area between liquid fertilizer and air. Although it is very difficult to measure and control the wind velocity in a chamber using a general vacuum pump, it can be indirectly evaluated through the ventilation rate in the macroscopic aspect. The higher the ventilation rate, the faster the flow of air in the chamber, which is linear with the increase in ammonia emission flux. We find that it may be necessary to improve the steady wind velocity within the chamber and of the linkages to upscale the wind tunnel system.
Highlights
Ammonia is one of the few base gases present on earth and reacts with acid gases to form ultrafine particulate inorganic ammonium salts [1]
The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total phosphorous (TP) were the highest in liquid fertilizer 1 (LF1), which was manufactured in a public resource facility that treats domestic sewage and livestock manure together
The results showed that the mean values of pH, EC, Total nitrogen (TN), total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), TP, and suspended solids were 8.0, 11.6 ms cm−1, 847 mg L−1, 317 mg L−1, 193, and 5,188 mg L−1, respectively
Summary
Ammonia is one of the few base gases present on earth and reacts with acid gases to form ultrafine particulate inorganic ammonium salts [1]. In Korea, where changes in the four seasons are obvious, compost and liquid fertilizer are mainly sprayed in the spring before farming commences. A large amount of ammonia, a precursor of ultrafine particulate matter (PM 2.5), is generated. In conjunction with spring yellow dust [2,3], this is recognized as worsening the domestic PM 2.5 situation. A major source of odors, is released into the atmosphere through various human activities, with livestock manure being the largest.
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