Effects of therapeutic and aerobic exercise programs in temporomandibular disorder-associated headaches.

Paula Manuela Mendes Moleirinho-Alves,Pedro Luís Camecelha De Pezarat-Correia,Pedro Miguel Teixeira Carvas Cebola,André Mariz Coelho Santos De Almeida,Raul Alexandre Nunes Da Silva Oliveira

doi:10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0059

Paula Manuela Mendes Moleirinho-Alves, Pedro Luís Camecelha De Pezarat-Correia + Show 3 more

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Objective To assess the effects of three 8-week exercise programs on the frequency, intensity, and impact of headaches in patients with headache attributed to temporomandibular disorder (TMD).Methodology Thirty-six patients diagnosed with headache attributed to TMD participated in the study and were divided into three groups of 12 patients: a therapeutic exercise program (G1, mean age: 26.3±5.6 years), a therapeutic and aerobic exercise program (G2, mean age: 26.0±4.6 years), and an aerobic exercise program (G3, 25.8±2.94 years). Headache frequency and intensity were evaluated using a headache diary, and the adverse headache impact was evaluated using the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6). The intensity was reported using the numerical pain rating scale. These parameters were evaluated twice at baseline (A01/A02), at the end of the 8-week intervention period (A1), and 8–12 weeks after the end of the intervention (A2).Results At A1, none of the G2 patients reported having headaches, in G1, only two patients reported headaches, and in G3, ten patients reported headache. The headache intensity scores (0.3 [95% CI: -0.401, 1.068]), (0.0 [95% CI: -0.734, 0.734]) and HIT-6 (50.7 [95% CI: 38.008, 63.459]), (49.5 [95% CI: 36.808, 62.259]), significantly decreased in G1 and G2 at A1. At A2 headache intensity scores (0.5 [95% CI: -0.256, 1.256]), (0.0 [95% CI: -0.756, 0.756]) and HIT-6 (55.1 [95% CI: 42.998, 67.268]), (51.7 [95% CI: 39.532, 63.802]) in G1 and G2 haven’t change significantly. The effects obtained immediately after the completion of the intervention programs were maintained until the final follow-up in all groups.Conclusion The programs conducted by G1 (therapeutic exercises) and G2 (therapeutic and aerobic exercise) had significant results at A1 and A2.

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MethodsHeadaches and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) frequently occur simultaneously,1 and associated to each other.2,3 Both are comorbid conditions, that is, the presence of one increases the frequency of the other4; for example, the more TMD symptoms a person experiences, the more frequent their headaches are, and vice versa.5 Due to the biomechanical aspects of TMD and the headaches, there is a constant interaction between these diseases, since TMD may lead to the development of headaches, due to the pain in the masticatory muscles
The sample consisted of 52 patients; we excluded those without headaches attributed to TMD at the beginning of the study and studied the evolution between groups
This study is the first to evaluate the effects of a combined program of therapeutic exercises and aerobic exercises on headaches attributed to TMD

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MethodsHeadaches and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) frequently occur simultaneously, and associated to each other. Both are comorbid conditions, that is, the presence of one increases the frequency of the other; for example, the more TMD symptoms a person experiences, the more frequent their headaches are, and vice versa. Due to the biomechanical aspects of TMD and the headaches, there is a constant interaction between these diseases, since TMD may lead to the development of headaches, due to the pain in the masticatory muscles. Headaches and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) frequently occur simultaneously, and associated to each other.. Headaches and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) frequently occur simultaneously, and associated to each other.2,3 Both are comorbid conditions, that is, the presence of one increases the frequency of the other; for example, the more TMD symptoms a person experiences, the more frequent their headaches are, and vice versa.. Due to the biomechanical aspects of TMD and the headaches, there is a constant interaction between these diseases, since TMD may lead to the development of headaches, due to the pain in the masticatory muscles. This disorder can become a predisposing and aggravating factor for the onset of headaches.. The high level of association between the diagnostic criteria and the peripheral and central nervous structures involved in the two disorders further complicates the process.

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