Effects of the phenylamide fungicides, mefenoxam and metalaxyl, on the microbiological properties of a sandy loam and a sandy clay soil

Abstract

The objective of the study was to compare ecotoxicological data obtained from laboratory experiments on the side-effects of three phenylamide fungicides, pure metalaxyl (racemic mixture of R- and S-enantiomers), formulated metalaxyl and mefenoxam (only active R-enantiomer) on the chemical and biochemical parameters of two soils of different type and origin. The purpose of the comparison was to determine to what extent mefenoxam, developed as alternative to metalaxyl, can affect the activity of soil micro-organisms and their processes, and to elucidate the differences between the effects of pure and formulated metalaxyl. The dynamics of the quantitative changes in biochemical parameters induced by the addition of these fungicides at their recommended field rate were determined in a sandy clay soil from Cameroon and a sandy loam soil from Germany, during a 120-day incubation experiment. The type of soil significantly influenced the effect of these fungicides on the soil parameters studied. Incorporation of these fungicides generally stimulated the activity of phosphatases and s-glucosidase, mineralization and the availability of N and most plant nutrients in soils. The activity of dehydrogenase and the availability of NO3– were generally adversely affected. Among the fungicides tested, the stimulation was more pronounced with mefenoxam followed by formulated metalaxyl.