Abstract
BackgroundAtherosclerosis is a postprandial phenomenon. The balanced n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio contributing to the prevention of atherosclerosis has been well shown, but the effect of the ratio on postprandial metabolism has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio on postprandial metabolism in hypertriacylglycerolemia patients, comparing them to healthy controls.MethodsTest meals with 0.97 (high n-3) and 8.80 (low n-3) n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio were administered in a randomized crossover design to 8 healthy and 8 hypertriacylglycerolemia subjects. Blood samples were collected for 8 hours after meals to measure triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL, ApoA, ApoB, glucose, insulin, inflammatory makers including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), endothelial function including nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1).ResultsAccording to repeated–measures ANOVA, the postprandial response of lipid, glucose, insulin, inflammation and endothelial function were not significantly different between meals. The postprandial TG and NO response were significantly different between healthy control (HC) and hypertriglyceridemia group (HTG) after both meals (P < 0.01). After both meals maximal change and iAUC for TG was all higher in HTG group than HC group, the difference was significant after low n-3 meal but not after high n-3 meal. The concentration of glucose, insulin, IL-6, TNFα and ET-1 at each time point was higher and NO was lower in HTG group, but the maximal change and iAUC had no significant difference except for iAUC of insulin, IL-6 and diAUC of NO after low n-3 meal.ConclusionsThe ratio of n-6 and n-3 maybe do not acutely influence the postprandial metabolism, inflammatory response and endothelial function, but the low n-3 meal can strengthen the difference between HTG and HC group.
Highlights
The exacerbated postprandial response characterizes with retarded clearance of postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), which caused in part by the increasing of triglycerides (TG) in average, peak and later level after a fat meal [2,3]
According to repeated–measures Analysis of variance (ANOVA), the postprandial response of lipid, glucose, insulin inflammation and endothelial function after high n-3 test meal were not significantly different from that after low n-3 test meal, but the postprandial lipid response was exaggerated in hypertriglyceridemia group (HTG) subjects regardless of test meal, and low n-3 test meals strengthened the difference between HTG and healthy control (HC) groups
Previous studies suggested that increasing consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) could improve lipid metabolism both in the fasting and postprandial states [20], in our study, the postprandial lipid response was not different between the high and low n-3 test meals, suggesting that n-3 PUFA needs more than 8 hours to exert these beneficial effects and the fatty acids content of background diet maybe more effective than the type of fatty acids in test meal to influence the postprandial response [21]
Summary
The balanced n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio contributing to the prevention of atherosclerosis has been well shown, but the effect of the ratio on postprandial metabolism has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio on postprandial metabolism in hypertriacylglycerolemia patients, comparing them to healthy controls. Studies have revealed important differences with postprandial lipid responses being of the order SFAs>MUFAs>PUFAs [6,7,8]. Many researches showed that the high ratio of n-6 and n-3 can increase the fasting concentrations of TG [16,17,18] and inflammatory markers [19] , but whether the test meal with low ratio of n-6 and n-3 acutely improving postprandial lipid, glucose and inflammatory response, whether ameliorating the postprandial endothelial disfunction have not been thorough investigated
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