Abstract
The specified domain patterns were written by AFM-tip voltages in LiNbO3 films composing LNOI (LiNbO3-on-insulator). The domain wall conductivity (DWC) was estimated in the written patterns. This estimate was based on the effects of load resistors RL inserted between DWs and the ground, on the features of occurring domains. In this case, the domain formation is controlled by the ratio between RL and the DWs’ resistance RDW. Starting from the comparison of patterns appearing at different RL, the value of RDW in a specified pattern was estimated. The corresponding DWC is of σDW ≈ 10−3 (Ohm cm)−1 which exceeds the tabular bulk conductivity of LiNbO3 by no less than twelve orders of magnitude. A small DW inclination angle of (10−4)0 responsible for this DWC is not caused by any external action and characterizes the domain frontal growth under an AFM-tip voltage.
Highlights
Ferroelectric materials have undergone a renaissance in the last two decades due to the discovery of many novel applications based on micro- and nanosized ferroelectric domains
Interest has centered on the conductivity of charged domain walls (CDWs) which is a fundamental property of ferroelectric domains
The aim of the present research was to examine an “intermediate” case, namely, the domain formation in the conditions of RDW grounding through a load resistor RL ≠ 0 (Figure 1b)
Summary
Ferroelectric materials have undergone a renaissance in the last two decades due to the discovery of many novel applications based on micro- and nanosized ferroelectric domains. The main examples of these applications are the nonlinear optical-frequency conversion [1] and an ultrahigh-density data storage [2]. Interest has centered on the conductivity of charged domain walls (CDWs) which is a fundamental property of ferroelectric domains. The authors of [3] were the first to discuss the screening effects at the boundary of “encountering” (“head-to-head”) 180◦ -domains. The specificity of ferroelastic (twin) domain walls (DWs) was discussed in the pioneering works of Salje and co-authors, e.g., [4,5]. The superconductivity at DWs in weakly reduced WO3 and trapping of
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