Abstract
Some plant secondary metabolites, such as procyanidins, have been demonstrated to cause biological denitrification inhibition (BDI) of denitrifiers in soils concomitantly with a gain in plant biomass. The present work evaluated whether procyanidins had an impact on the diversity of nontarget microbial communities that are probably involved in soil fertility and ecosystem services. Lettuce plants were grown in two contrasting soils, namely Manziat (a loamy sand soil) and Serail (a sandy clay loam soil) with and without procyanidin amendment. Microbial diversity was assessed using Illumina sequencing of prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS regions. We used a functional inference to evaluate the putative microbial functions present in both soils and reconstructed the microbial interaction network. The results showed a segregation of soil microbiomes present in Serail and Manziat that were dependent on specific soil edaphic variables. For example, Deltaproteobacteria was related to total nitrogen content in Manziat, while Leotiomycetes and Firmicutes were linked to Ca2+ in Serail. Procyanidin amendment did not affect the diversity and putative activity of microbial communities. In contrast, microbial interactions differed according to procyanidin amendment, with the results showing an enrichment of Entotheonellaeota and Mucoromycota in Serail soil and of Dependentiae and Rozellomycetes in Manziat soil.
Highlights
Differences in soil proprieties were found between both unplanted soils with more organic matter and organic carbon in Manziat soil compared to Serail soil
Organic and carbon matter was enhanced in Serail soil, while it remain unchanged in Manziat soil
In order to use procyanidins as a sustainable solution to reduce N input and N2 O emissions in agricultural soils, this molecule should not have any impact on soil fertility and on the diversity and functioning of nontarget soil microbial communities
Summary
Agriculture is facing a major challenge of feeding more and more people in shorter and shorter production times [1]. This increasingly intensive agriculture uses a large number of nitrogen fertilizers in order to increase yields [2]. These fertilizers are used because nitrogen is one of the most important and limiting factors for plant growth [3,4]. The nitrate used for fertilization is not totally absorbed by the crops due to limited plant metabolism or excess application [7]
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